Professional manufacture factory for waste incinerator, sewage treatment and sludge dewatering equipment.
Language
Professional manufacture factory for waste incinerator, sewage treatment and sludge dewatering equipment.
Biofilm technology, as an efficient wastewater treatment method, relies on microbial communities attached to carrier surfaces to adsorb, degrade, and transform pollutants. Its effectiveness is governed by multiple interrelated factors, which can be categorized into five main aspects:
1. Water Quality and Substrate Characteristics
Influent water quality directly impacts biofilm formation and activity. Excessive organic loading leads to biofilm overgrowth, hindering substrate diffusion, while insufficient loading inhibits microbial proliferation. Toxic substances (e.g., heavy metals, antibiotics) disrupt microbial community structures, causing functional degradation. Studies indicate optimal treatment efficiency occurs when influent COD concentrations are maintained between 200–500 mg/L.
2. Carrier Material and Structural Properties
The specific surface area, porosity, and hydrophilicity of carriers determine biofilm adhesion. Polyurethane foam (specific surface area >500 m²/m³) achieves 40% faster biofilm formation than traditional ceramic carriers. Novel composite carriers with micron-nanometer porous structures increase biomass density by 2–3 times. Surface modification techniques (e.g., plasma treatment) enhance hydrophilicity, reducing biofilm formation time to 3–5 days.
3. Hydraulic Conditions and Mass Transfer Efficiency
Flow velocity critically regulates biofilm thickness. When hydraulic shear stress is maintained at 0.05–0.15 N/m², it prevents excessive biofilm sloughing while preserving an optimal active layer thickness of 150–300 μm. Upflow reactors with pulsed flow patterns improve oxygen transfer coefficients by 35%, achieving ammonia nitrogen removal rates exceeding 92%.
4. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Microbial Community Dynamics
DO concentrations dictate the spatial distribution of aerobic/anaerobic microbial populations. Staged aeration systems maintain DO >2 mg/L at reactor inlets to promote nitrification and reduce DO to 0.5 mg/L at outlets to induce denitrification, achieving total nitrogen removal rates above 85%. Microaerobic conditions (DO = 0.3–0.5 mg/L) enrich ANAMMOX (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) bacteria, enabling energy-efficient nitrogen removal.
5. Temperature and pH Adaptability
Mesophilic microbial communities exhibit peak metabolic activity at 25–35°C, requiring cold-tolerant inoculants below 15°C. pH influences enzymatic activity: nitrifying bacteria thrive at pH 7.8–8.2, while denitrifiers prefer pH 6.5–7.5. Intelligent control systems with real-time carbon source adjustment limit pH fluctuations to ±0.3.
The optimization of biofilm processes hinges on precise microecological regulation. Future advancements will focus on functionalized carrier design, directional microbial community acclimation, and integration of intelligent control systems to achieve sustainable and energy-efficient wastewater treatment.
Feel free to contact us
"There is no best; only better", we are dedicated to make every effort to help create Better global environmental protection!
BETTER environment with our professional technology and products such as dissolved air flotation machine, package sewage treatment plant, mechanical filters, horizontal decanter centrifuge, waste incinerator, etc.
