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Professional manufacture factory for waste incinerator, sewage treatment and sludge dewatering equipment.
What is medical waste incineration?
Medical waste incineration is a high-temperature treatment technology specifically designed to deal with a wide range of hazardous wastes generated by medical institutions. Medical waste includes infectious waste, pathological waste, injurious waste, pharmaceutical waste and chemical waste. These wastes are not only huge in quantity, but also contain various pathogens, viruses, chemical pollutants and radioactive substances, which may pose serious threats to the environment and public health if not handled properly. Therefore, medical waste incineration has become an important means of safeguarding public health and the ecological environment.
Working Principle of Medical Waste Incineration
The working principle of medical waste incineration mainly relies on high temperature incineration technology to completely oxidise and decompose medical waste. The incineration process is broadly divided into the following stages:
Pre-treatment stage: After preliminary crushing and sorting, the medical waste is fed into the incinerator. Some high-efficiency incinerators are also equipped with an automatic charging system, which greatly reduces the risk of infection by minimising direct contact between the operator and the clinical waste.
Main combustion stage: The waste enters the main combustion chamber where it is burned at high temperatures. This process is usually carried out at a high temperature of 850°C to 1200°C to ensure that the organic materials in the waste are fully burnt and decomposed into harmless substances.
Secondary Combustion Stage: The residual gases from the combustion process enter the secondary combustion chamber for further oxidation to ensure that the waste is completely harmless.
Flue gas treatment stage: During the incineration process, the flue gas generated may contain harmful gases and particles, so the medical waste incinerator is equipped with an advanced flue gas treatment system. Flue gas treatment systems typically include multi-stage purification equipment such as dust collectors, acid removal equipment and activated carbon adsorption units. These devices effectively remove sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other hazardous substances from the flue gas, ensuring that emissions comply with environmental standards.
Environmental regulations for medical waste incineration
Medical Waste Incineration Fly Ash (MWIFA) is rich in high concentrations of chlorine salts, carbon fractions, heavy metals and dioxins (PCDD/Fs), and is listed on our National Hazardous Waste List. Improper management and disposal will cause serious harm to the environment and human health. Therefore, medical waste incineration equipment and processes must comply with strict environmental regulations to ensure the safe handling and disposal of fly ash and other emissions.
Key considerations for effective incineration?
Technology and equipment selection:
Incinerator type: Choosing the right incinerator is key. Common types of incinerators include grate furnaces, rotary furnaces, fluidised bed incinerators, staged combustion incinerators and fixed bed incinerators. Each type of furnace has its advantages and disadvantages and should be selected according to the characteristics of the medical waste, the scale of treatment and the budget. For example, rotary furnaces have obvious advantages in medical waste incineration, are suitable for a wide range of medical wastes and are stable in operation.
Equipment performance: The incinerator should have high combustion efficiency, stable operational performance and good sealing. The design of the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber should ensure that the waste is fully combusted, the temperature of the high temperature section should be ≥850°C, the flue gas residence time should be ≥2 seconds, the combustion efficiency should not be less than 99.9%, the slag thermal scorching reduction rate should be ＜5%, and the oxygen content of the exit flue gas should be ≥6% (dry gas).
Process design:
Feeding system: the feeding method should be matched with the incinerator, and it is appropriate to adopt a closed automatic feeding device to ensure the airtightness and anti-tempering function of the feeding port. If necessary, the feeding port and feeding pipeline should take cooling measures and appropriate explosion-proof, fire prevention measures.
Flue gas purification system: the flue gas purification process should have the functions of cooling, deacidification, dust removal, denitrification and removal of dioxin and heavy metals. Wet, semi-dry, dry and other deacidification processes and their combination processes can be selected to ensure that the flue gas emission meets the requirements of the Pollution Control Standards for Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal.
Environmental protection and pollution control:
Flue gas treatment: The flue gas from medical waste incineration contains acid gases (e.g., HCl, HF, SOx, NOx), dust, incomplete combustion products (e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon black, hydrocarbons), heavy metals (e.g., Hg, Pb, Cr), and organic highly toxic pollutants (e.g., dioxin-like). An effective flue gas treatment system is the key to ensuring environmental compliance.
Ash disposal: Ash after incineration should be safely disposed of, usually by means of a safe landfill, in order to prevent harm to the environment and human health.
Regulations and Standards:
Compliance: medical waste incineration and disposal projects should comply with national and local environmental regulations, such as the Technical Code for the Construction of Centralised Incineration and Disposal Projects for Medical Waste and the Pollution Control Standards for the Treatment and Disposal of Medical Waste. These norms ensure the safety and environmental protection of the incineration process.
Occupational health and safety: Measures should be taken to reduce occupational disease hazards during the incineration process, such as dust, noise, high temperature and control of chemical factors. Ensure that the concentration of toxic and hazardous substances in the workplace complies with national occupational exposure limits.
Operation and maintenance:
Automation control system: Configure a complete process monitoring system, including incineration control system, flue gas purification control system, water treatment facility control system, early warning system and video monitoring system. These systems should be able to monitor and control key parameters in the incineration process in real time, such as temperature, pressure, oxygen content and so on.
Regular maintenance: Regular maintenance and overhaul of incinerators and flue gas treatment equipment to ensure normal operation and efficient performance. Maintenance should include cleaning, replacing filter bags, checking sealing, etc.
Conclusion
Effective incineration of medical waste requires comprehensive consideration of several key factors such as technology and equipment selection, process design, environmental protection and pollution control, regulations and standards, and operation and maintenance. Through scientific and reasonable planning and strict management, the efficiency, safety and environmental protection of the medical waste incineration process can be ensured, thus realising the harmless treatment of medical waste.
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